Editor’s Introduction to the Reader’s Edition of Ethics Clifford J. And America, and this enabled him to serve as a courier for the. Edition (second edition 1998). The English translation, the version in this book, followed in 2005. With only draft outlines from.
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The families had striking similarities: They lived in prosperous suburbs, had children in college, enjoyed exploring other cultures and were strongly involved in Jewish causes. Flex type bulgarian phonetic.
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Both families — the Steinbergs, a family of five from Scarsdale, N.Y., and the Weisses, a family of four from Belleair, Fla. — were killed on Sunday when the single-engine turboprop they were traveling in crashed into a hill in Costa Rica shortly after takeoff. An American tour guide also died, as did two Costa Rican crew members.
The crash of the plane, a Cessna 208B Caravan traveling from Punta Islita, on the Pacific Coast, to San José, the capital, was the deadliest in Costa Rica since 1990.
“It is a devastating loss to their families and to our congregation,” said Rabbi Jacob Luski of Congregation B’nai Israel of St. Petersburg, Fla., who in a phone interview on Monday confirmed the deaths of husband and wife Mitchell Weiss, 52, and Leslie L. Weiss, 50; their daughter, Hannah M. Weiss, 19; and their son, Ari M. Weiss, 16.
“They were together and they all perished,” he said. “It is a terrible tragedy.”
Leslie Weiss was a neonatal pediatrician, and Mitchell Weiss was the head of interventional radiology, both at Morton Plant Hospital in Clearwater, Fla. “Their lives and medical skills have touched so many in and around our community, and we are forever grateful to them,” Kris Hoce, the hospital’s president, said in a statement mourning their deaths.
Hannah and Ari were both involved in the southeastern chapter of United Synagogue Youth, a Conservative Jewish organization that promotes engagement with Israel, and that announced their deaths in a Facebook post.
Hannah was a student at List College, the undergraduate school of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City, under a program that allows students to pursue two bachelor’s degrees simultaneously, in coordination with Columbia University.
“Hannah was a wonderful student, great friend, strong leader and a beloved member of our community,” Shuly R. Schwartz, the dean of List College, said in a statement. “Above all, she was deeply passionate about the environment.”
In a telephone interview, Dr. Schwartz said that Hannah was in her second year at the college and had not yet declared a major, although she was involved in environmental sustainability studies and Jewish thought and ethics.
In telephone interviews, David and Alexis Lerner, resident directors of a dormitory at the college who knew Hannah, said she had successfully petitioned the school to install bins and freezers for residents to collect materials for composting.
“She is brave, and bold,” Ms. Lerner said. “She had a lot of a clear perspective on the role of a university for young people. She sort of saw it in a big picture. She was certainly a leader.”
The Weisses had a piano in their home, and Hannah and Ari took music lessons from Steve Rosicky, a local musician. They both played the ukulele and the guitar, and Ari had recently taken up songwriting. Ari hoped to create a full album; they had three songs mostly finished before Ari left for Costa Rica, Mr. Rosicky said.
“He was so special to me,” Mr. Rosicky said. “His songs were so honest and so true.”
In Scarsdale, an affluent suburb in Westchester County, just north of New York City, the Westchester Reform Temple learned on Sunday of the deaths of husband and wife Bruce M. Steinberg, 50, and Irene G. Steinberg, 51; and their sons, Zachary J. Steinberg, 19; William A. Steinberg, 18; and Matthew B. Steinberg, 13. Zachary was a student at Johns Hopkins University, and William at the University of Pennsylvania.
The family supported a nonprofit organization, Seeds of Peace, that trains prospective leaders from around the world in conflict resolution.
Rebecca Gorman, who attended Seeds of Peace camps in Maine with William Steinberg, said his world travels and loving family had given him confidence and wisdom beyond his years, whether navigating conversations among children from countries in conflict or just listening to friends.
“Whenever he would speak, it left you with an impression for the rest of the day,” said Ms. Gorman, who is 19. “It’s just hard to accept that more people didn’t get to see what a wonderful young man he was.”
Leslie Adelson Lewin, the executive director of Seeds of Peace, said that William had “ambitions for a political career that were formed at Seeds of Peace” and that his mother was especially passionate about the organization because she had a background in social work.
The family loved music, and rock ’n’ roll was the theme of a surprise birthday party the family gave for Bruce, who turned 50 on Nov. 30. Their youngest son, who was in the eighth grade, was an accomplished musician known for his singing.
“They were an incredibly tight-knit family who just loved to explore, loved to live life,” said Paul Rubin, a family friend. “They traveled extensively, but also gave their time extensively.”
The 10th passenger on the plane was Amanda R. Geissler, 33, who was in her first year as a guide for Backroads, which has provided “active travel” experiences in Costa Rica for more than 25 years. Her LinkedIn profile said she was based in Salt Lake City and had received undergraduate and M.B.A. degrees from the University of Wisconsin.
“Amanda’s passion and ability to genuinely connect with people, in addition to her leadership, made her a rising star at Backroads,” the company said in a statement on Monday.
The names of the crew members have not been formally released, but Laura Chinchilla, a former president of Costa Rica, said her cousin Juan Manuel Retana was the pilot.
It was too soon to tell whether the crash would affect the tourism boom in Costa Rica, which has long enjoyed a reputation as one of the most peaceful countries in Latin America — it has no standing army — and as a place endowed with exceptional biodiversity. The tiny Central American nation of 4.8 million received nearly three million visitors in 2016, a record for the country.
It was the second crash in four months to involve Nature Air, which bills itself as an eco-conscious carrier that purchases offsets to compensate for its carbon emissions.
The earlier crash, on Sept. 5, killed a Costa Rican woman and an American man. Four other people survived that crash, which remains under investigation.
Enio Cubillo Araya, the director general of Costa Rica’s civil aviation agency, said in a phone interview that the two crashes appeared to have been isolated episodes and not symptomatic of a deeper problem. Nature Air, founded in 1990, did not respond to phone and email messages requesting comment.
“The country and the aviation industry are in mourning,” Mr. Cubillo said. “The government of Costa Rica stands in solidarity with the relatives of those who lost their loved ones during this holiday.”
He said that investigators did not yet know the cause of the crash but that early theories include mechanical malfunction, human error and the possibility that a raft of wind, common in the area this time of year, may have destabilized the small plane. Weather and visibility were ideal, he added.
Idier Porras Guzmán, 51, who lives in a tiny hamlet by the beach near Nandayure, on the country’s northwest coast, said he and his relatives had been celebrating New Year’s Eve when they were startled by a plane flying unusually low overhead.
“We all noticed it was too low,” he said in a phone interview on Monday. “We said, ‘How weird,’ and then three or four seconds later, we heard a loud thud.”
Mr. Porras said he and others staying with him had run toward the sound of the explosion, about 1,000 feet from their modest rental houses. The plane crashed in a hilly area planted with teak, he said.
“When we got to the site, the plane was consumed by flames,” said Mr. Porras, who first shared his account with the Costa Rican newspaper La Nación. “It was totally disintegrated. Only part of the tail was visible.”
Author | Khaled Hosseini |
---|---|
Cover artist | Honi Werner |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Genre | |
Publisher | Riverhead Books |
Publication date | May 29, 2003 |
Pages | 372 |
ISBN | 1-57322-245-3 |
OCLC | 51615359 |
813/.6 21 | |
LC Class | PS3608.O832 K58 2003 |
The Kite Runner is the first novel by Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini.[1] Published in 2003 by Riverhead Books, it tells the story of Amir, a young boy from the Wazir Akbar Khan district of Kabul, whose closest friend is Hassan. The story is set against a backdrop of tumultuous events, from the fall of Afghanistan's monarchy through the Soviet military intervention, the exodus of refugees to Pakistan and the United States, and the rise of the Taliban regime.
Hosseini has commented that he considers The Kite Runner to be a father–son story, emphasizing the familial aspects of the narrative, an element that he continued to use in his later works.[2] Themes of guilt and redemption feature prominently in the novel,[3] with a pivotal scene depicting an act of sexual assault that happens against Hassan that Amir fails to prevent. The latter half of the book centers on Amir's attempts to atone for this transgression by rescuing Hassan's son two decades later.
The Kite Runner became a bestseller after being printed in paperback and was popularized in book clubs. It was a number one New York Times bestseller for over two years,[4] with over seven million copies sold in the United States.[5] Reviews were generally positive, though parts of the plot drew significant controversy in Afghanistan. A number of adaptations were created following publication, including a 2007 film of the same name, several stage performances, and a graphic novel.
- 2Plot summary
- 5Critical reception
- 6Adaptations
Composition and publication[edit]
Khaled Hosseini, 2007
Khaled Hosseini worked as a medical internist at Kaiser Hospital in Mountain View, California for several years before publishing The Kite Runner.[3][6][7] In 1999, Hosseini learned through a news report that the Taliban had banned kite flying in Afghanistan,[8] a restriction he found particularly cruel.[9] The news 'struck a personal chord' for him, as he had grown up with the sport while living in Afghanistan. He was motivated to write a 25-page short story about two boys who fly kites in Kabul.[8] Hosseini submitted copies to Esquire and The New Yorker, both of which rejected it.[9] He rediscovered the manuscript in his garage in March 2001 and began to expand it to novel format at the suggestion of a friend.[8][9] According to Hosseini, the narrative became 'much darker' than he originally intended.[8] His editor, Cindy Spiegel, 'helped him rework the last third of his manuscript', something she describes as relatively common for a first novel.[9]
As with Hosseini's subsequent novels, The Kite Runner covers a multigenerational period and focuses on the relationship between parents and their children.[2] The latter was unintentional; Hosseini developed an interest in the theme while in the process of writing.[2] He later divulged that he frequently came up with pieces of the plot by drawing pictures of it.[7] For example, he did not decide to make Amir and Hassan brothers until after he had 'doodled it'.[7]
Like Amir, the protagonist of the novel, Hosseini was born in Afghanistan and left the country as a youth, not returning until 2003.[10] Thus, he was frequently questioned about the extent of the autobiographical aspects of the book.[9] In response, he said, 'When I say some of it is me, then people look unsatisfied. The parallels are pretty obvious, but .. I left a few things ambiguous because I wanted to drive the book clubs crazy.'[9] Having left the country around the time of the Soviet invasion, he felt a certain amount of survivor's guilt: 'Whenever I read stories about Afghanistan my reaction was always tinged with guilt. A lot of my childhood friends had a very hard time. Some of our cousins died. One died in a fuel truck trying to escape Afghanistan [an incident that Hosseini fictionalizes in The Kite Runner]. Talk about guilt. He was one of the kids I grew up with flying kites. His father was shot.'[2][11] Regardless, he maintains that the plot is fictional.[8] Later, when writing his second novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns (then titled Dreaming in Titanic City), Hosseini remarked that he was happy that the main characters were women as it 'should put the end to the autobiographical question once and for all'.[9]
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Riverhead Books published The Kite Runner, ordering an initial printing of 50,000 copies in hardback.[9][12] It was released on May 29, 2003, and the paperback edition was released a year later.[9][13] Hosseini took a year-long absence from practicing medicine to promote the book, signing copies, speaking at various events, and raising funds for Afghan causes.[9] Originally published in English, The Kite Runner was later translated into 42 languages for publication in 38 countries.[14] In 2013, Riverhead released the 10th anniversary edition with a new gold-rimmed cover and a foreword by Hosseini.[15] That same year, on May 21, Khaled Hosseini published another book called And the Mountains Echoed.
Plot summary[edit]
Part I[edit]
Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood in Kabul, setting of Part I
Amir, a well-to-do Pashtun boy, and Hassan, a Hazara who is the son of Ali, Amir's father's servant, spend their days kite fighting in the hitherto peaceful city of Kabul. Hassan is a successful 'kite runner' for Amir; he knows where the kite will land without watching it.Both boys are motherless: Amir's mother died in childbirth, while Hassan's mother, Sanaubar, simply abandoned him and Ali. Amir's father, a wealthy merchant Amir affectionately refers to as Baba, loves both boys. He makes a point of buying Hassan exactly the same things as Amir, to Amir's annoyance. He even pays to have Hassan's cleft lip surgically corrected. On the other hand, Baba jan is often critical of Amir, considering him weak and lacking in courage, even threatening to physically punish him when he complains about Hassan. Amir finds a kinder fatherly figure in Rahim Khan, Baba's closest friend, who understands him and supports his interest in writing, whereas Baba considers that interest to be worthy only of females. In a rare moment when Amir is sitting on Baba jan's lap rather than being shooed away as a bother he asks why his father drinks alcohol which is forbidden by Islam. Baba jan tells him that the Mullahs are hypocrites and the only real sin is theft which takes many forms.
Assef, an older boy with a sadistic taste for violence, mocks Amir for socializing with a Hazara, which according to him, is an inferior race whose members belong only in Hazarajat. Assef is himself only half Pashtun, having a German mother and a typical blond haired blue eyed German appearance. One day, he prepares to attack Amir with brass knuckles, but Hassan defends Amir, threatening to shoot out Assef's eye with his slingshot. Assef backs off but swears to take revenge one day.
One triumphant day, Amir wins the local kite fighting tournament and finally earns Baba's praise. Hassan runs for the last cut kite, a great trophy, saying to Amir, 'For you, a thousand times over.' However, after finding the kite, Hassan encounters Assef in an alleyway. Hassan refuses to give up the kite, and Assef severely beats him and rapes him. Amir witnesses the act but is too scared to intervene. He knows that if he fails to bring home the kite, Baba would be less proud of him. He feels incredibly guilty but knows his cowardice would destroy any hopes for Baba's affections, so he keeps quiet about the incident. Afterwards, Amir keeps distant from Hassan; his feelings of guilt prevent him from interacting with the boy. Hassan's mental and physical well-being begin to deteriorate.
Amir begins to believe that life would be easier if Hassan were not around, so he plants a watch and some money under Hassan's mattress in hopes that Baba will make him leave; Hassan falsely confesses when confronted by Baba. Although Baba believes 'there is no act more wretched than stealing', he forgives him. To Baba's sorrow, Hassan and Ali leave anyway, because Hassan has told Ali what happened to him. Amir is freed of the daily reminder of his cowardice and betrayal, but he still lives in their shadow.
Part II[edit]
In 1979, five years later, the Soviet Union militarily intervened in Afghanistan. Baba and Amir escape to Peshawar, Pakistan, and then to Fremont, California, where they settle in a run-down apartment. Baba begins work at a gas station. After graduating from high school, Amir takes classes at San Jose State University to develop his writing skills. Every Sunday, Baba and Amir make extra money selling used goods at a flea market in San Jose. There, Amir meets fellow refugee Soraya Taheri and her family. Baba is diagnosed with terminal cancer but is still capable of granting Amir one last favor: he asks Soraya's father's permission for Amir to marry her. He agrees and the two marry. Shortly thereafter Baba dies. Amir and Soraya settle down in a happy marriage, but to their sorrow, they learn that they cannot have children.
Amir embarks on a successful career as a novelist. Fifteen years after his wedding, Amir receives a call from his father's best friend (and his childhood father figure) Rahim Khan. Khan, who is dying, asks Amir to visit him in Peshawar. He enigmatically tells Amir, 'There is a way to be good again.'
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Part III[edit]
From Rahim Khan, Amir learns that Hassan and Ali are both dead. Ali was killed by a land mine. Hassan and his wife were killed after Hassan refused to allow the Taliban to confiscate Baba and Amir's house in Kabul. Rahim Khan further reveals that Ali was sterile and was not Hassan's biological father. Hassan was actually Baba and Ali's wife, Sanaubar's, son and Amir's half brother. Finally, Khan tells Amir that the reason he has called Amir to Pakistan is to ask him to rescue Hassan's son, Sohrab, from an orphanage in Kabul.
Amir, searches for Sohrab, accompanied by Farid, an Afghan taxi driver, and veteran of the war with the Soviets. They learn that a Taliban official comes to the orphanage often, brings cash, and usually takes a girl away with him. Occasionally he chooses a boy, recently Sohrab. The orphanage director tells Amir how to find the official, and Farid secures an appointment at his home by claiming to have 'personal business' with him.
Amir meets the Taliban leader, who reveals himself as Assef. Sohrab is being kept at Assef's house as a dancing boy. Assef agrees to relinquish him if Amir can beat him in a fight. Assef then badly beats Amir, breaking several bones, until Sohrab uses a slingshot to fire a brass ball into Assef's left eye. Sohrab helps Amir out of the house, where he passes out and wakes up in a hospital.
Amir tells Sohrab of his plans to take him back to America and possibly adopt him. However, American authorities demand evidence of Sohrab's orphan status. Amir tells Sohrab that he may have to go back to the orphanage for a little while as they have encountered a problem in the adoption process, and Sohrab, terrified about returning to the orphanage, attempts suicide. Amir eventually manages to take him back to the United States. After his adoption, Sohrab refuses to interact with Amir or Soraya until Amir reminisces about Hassan and kites and shows off some of Hassan's tricks. In the end, Sohrab only gives a lopsided smile, but Amir takes it with all his heart as he runs the kite for Sohrab, saying, 'For you, a thousand times over.'
Characters[edit]
- Amir (named Amir Qadiri in 2007 film adaptation, surname is not given in book) is the narrator of the novel. Khaled Hosseini acknowledged that the character is 'an unlikable coward who failed to come to the aid of his best friend' for much of the duration of the story; consequently, Hosseini chose to create sympathy for Amir through circumstances rather than the personality he was given until the last third of the book.[16] Born into a Pashtun family in 1963, his mother died while giving birth to him. As a child, he enjoys storytelling and is encouraged by Rahim Khan to become a well known writer. At age 18, he and his father flee to America following the Soviet Military invasion of Afghanistan, where he pursues his dream of being a writer.
- Hassan is Amir's closest childhood friend. He is described as having a China doll face, green eyes, and a harelip. Hosseini regards him as a flat character in terms of development; he is 'a lovely guy and you root for him and you love him but he's not complicated'.[17]
- Assef is the son of a Pashtun father and a German mother, and believes that Pashtuns are superior to Hazaras, although he himself is not a full Pashtun. As a teenager, he is a neighborhood bully and is enamored with Hitler and Nazism. He is described as a 'sociopath' by Amir. He rapes Hassan to get revenge on Amir. As an adult, he joins the Taliban and sexually abuses Hassan's son, Sohrab and other children of Sohrab's orphanage.
- Baba is Amir's father and a wealthy businessman who aids the community by creating businesses for others and building a new orphanage. He is the biological father of Hassan, a fact he hides from both of his children, and seems to favor him over Amir. Baba does not endorse the extremist religious views of the clerics at Amir's school. After fleeing to America, he works at a gas station. He dies from cancer in 1987, shortly after Amir and Soraya's wedding.
- Ali is Baba's servant, a Hazara believed to be Hassan's father. He was adopted as a child by Baba's father after his parents were killed by a drunk driver. Before the events of the novel, Ali had been struck with polio, rendering his right leg useless. Because of this, Ali is constantly tormented by children in the town. He is later killed by a land mine in Hazarajat.
- Rahim Khan is Baba's loyal friend and business partner, as well as a mentor to Amir. Rahim persuades Amir to come to Pakistan, where he informs Amir that Hassan was his half brother and asks him to rescue Hassan's orphaned son, Sohrab.
- Soraya is a young Afghan woman whom Amir meets and marries in the United States. Hosseini originally scripted the character as an American woman, but he later agreed to rewrite her as an Afghan immigrant after his editor did not find her background believable for her role in the story.[18] The change resulted in an extensive revision of Part III.[18] In the final draft, Soraya lives with her parents, Afghan general Taheri and his wife, and wants to become an English teacher. Before meeting Amir, she ran away with an Afghan boyfriend in Virginia, which, according to Afghan culture, made her unsuitable for marriage. Because Amir is unwilling to confront his own past actions, he admires Soraya for her courage in admitting to and moving beyond her past mistakes.
- Sohrab is the son of Hassan. After his parents are killed and he is sent to an orphanage, Assef buys and abuses the child. Amir saves and later adopts him. After being brought to the United States, he slowly adapts to his new life. Sohrab greatly resembles a young version of his father Hassan.
- Sanaubar is Ali's wife and the mother of Hassan. Shortly after Hassan's birth, she runs away from home and joins a group of traveling dancers. She later returns to Hassan in his adulthood. To make up for her neglect, she provides a grandmother figure for Sohrab, Hassan's son.
- Farid is a taxi driver who is initially abrasive toward Amir, but later befriends him. Two of Farid's seven children were killed by a land mine, a disaster which mutilated three fingers on his left hand and also took some of his toes. After spending a night with Farid's brother's impoverished family, Amir hides a bundle of money under the mattress to help them.
- General Taheri
- Jagila Taheri
- Khanum Taheri
Themes[edit]
Because its themes of friendship, betrayal, guilt, redemption and the uneasy love between fathers and sons are universal themes, and not specifically Afghan, the book has been able to reach across cultural, racial, religious and gender gaps to resonate with readers of varying backgrounds.
— Khaled Hosseini, 2005[3]
West Indian Reader Second Primer
Khaled Hosseini identifies a number of themes that appear in The Kite Runner, but reviewers have focused on guilt and redemption.[9][11][19] As a child, Amir fails to save Hassan in an act of cowardice and afterwards suffers from an all-consuming guilt. Even after leaving the country, moving to America, marrying, and becoming a successful writer, he is unable to forget the incident. Hassan is 'the all-sacrificing Christ-figure, the one who, even in death, calls Amir to redemption'.[19] Following Hassan's death at the hands of the Taliban, Amir begins to redeem himself through the rescue of Hassan's son, Sohrab.[20] Hosseini draws parallels during the search for Sohrab to create an impression of poetic justice; for example, Amir sustains a split lip after being severely beaten, similar to Hassan's harelip.[20] Despite this, some critics questioned whether the protagonist had fully redeemed himself.[21]
Amir's motivation for the childhood betrayal is rooted in his insecurities regarding his relationship with his father.[22] The relationship between parents and their children features prominently in the novel, and in an interview, Hosseini elaborated:
Both [The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns] are multigenerational, and so the relationship between parent and child, with all of its manifest complexities and contradictions, is a prominent theme. I did not intend this, but I am keenly interested, it appears, in the way parents and children love, disappoint, and in the end honor each other. In one way, the two novels are corollaries: The Kite Runner was a father-son story, and A Thousand Splendid Suns can be seen as a mother-daughter story.[2]
When adapting The Kite Runner for the theatre, Director Eric Rose stated that he was drawn into the narrative by the 'themes of betraying your best friend for the love of your father', which he compared to Shakespearean literature.[23] Throughout the story, Amir craves his father's affection;[22] his father, in turn, loves Amir but favors Hassan,[20] going as far as to pay for plastic surgery to repair the latter's cleft lip.[24]
Critical reception[edit]
General[edit]
First Lady Laura Bush with Khaled Hosseini (first and second to the left); Bush praised The Kite Runner as 'really great'.[25]
In the first two years following its publication, over 70,000 hardback copies of The Kite Runner were sold along with 1,250,000 paperback copies.[3] Though the book sold well in hardback, 'Kite Runner's popularity didn't really begin to soar until [2004] when the paperback edition came out, which is when book clubs began picking it up.'[9] It started appearing on best seller lists in September 2004 and became a number one New York Times best seller in March 2005,[3] maintaining its place on the list for two years.[4] By the publication of Khaled Hosseini's third novel in 2013, over seven million copies had been sold in the United States.[5] The book received the South African Boeke Prize in 2004. It was voted the Reading Group Book of the Year for 2006 and 2007 and headed a list of 60 titles submitted by entrants to the Penguin/Orange Reading Group prize (UK).[26][27]
Critically, the book was well-received, albeit controversial. Erika Milvy from Salon praised it as 'beautifully written, startling and heart wrenching'.[28] Tony Sims from Wired Magazine wrote that the book 'reveals the beauty and agony of a tormented nation as it tells the story of an improbable friendship between two boys from opposite ends of society, and of the troubled but enduring relationship between a father and a son'.[29] Amelia Hill of The Guardian opinionated, 'The Kite Runner is the shattering first novel by Khaled Hosseini' that 'is simultaneously devastating and inspiring.'[22] A similarly favorable review was printed in Publishers Weekly.[13] Marketing director Melissa Mytinger remarked, 'It's simply an excellent story. Much of it based in a world we don't know, a world we're barely beginning to know. Well-written, published at the 'right time' by an author who is both charming and thoughtful in his personal appearances for the book.'[3] Indian-American actor Aasif Mandvi agreed that the book was 'amazing storytelling. .. It's about human beings. It's about redemption, and redemption is a powerful theme.'[9] First Lady Laura Bush commended the story as 'really great'.[25]Said Tayeb Jawad, the 19th Afghan ambassador to the United States, publicly endorsed The Kite Runner, saying that the book would help the American public to better understand Afghan society and culture.[9]
Edward Hower from The New York Times analyzed the portrayal of Afghanistan before and after the Taliban:
Hosseini's depiction of pre-revolutionary Afghanistan is rich in warmth and humor but also tense with the friction between the nation's different ethnic groups. Amir's father, or Baba, personifies all that is reckless, courageous and arrogant in his dominant Pashtun tribe .. The novel's canvas turns dark when Hosseini describes the suffering of his country under the tyranny of the Taliban, whom Amir encounters when he finally returns home, hoping to help Hassan and his family. The final third of the book is full of haunting images: a man, desperate to feed his children, trying to sell his artificial leg in the market; an adulterous couple stoned to death in a stadium during the halftime of a football match; a rouged young boy forced into prostitution, dancing the sort of steps once performed by an organ grinder's monkey.[24]
Meghan O'Rouke, Slate Magazine's culture critic and advisory editor, ultimately found The Kite Runner mediocre, writing, 'This is a novel simultaneously striving to deliver a large-scale informative portrait and to stage a small-scale redemptive drama, but its therapeutic allegory of recovery can only undermine its realist ambitions. People experience their lives against the backdrop of their culture, and while Hosseini wisely steers clear of merely exoticizing Afghanistan as a monolithically foreign place, he does so much work to make his novel emotionally accessible to the American reader that there is almost no room, in the end, for us to consider for long what might differentiate Afghans and Americans.'[25] Sarah Smith from The Guardian thought the novel started out well but began to falter towards the end. She felt that Hosseini was too focused on fully redeeming the protagonist in Part III and in doing so created too many unrealistic coincidences that allowed Amir the opportunity to undo his past wrongs.[20]
Controversies[edit]
The Kite Runner has been accused of 'hindering' Western understanding of the Taliban[by whom?] by portraying its members as representatives of various social and doctrinal evils that the Taliban and their supporters do not consider typical and which they feel portray Taliban in an unfavourable light. Examples of this would be: Assef's pedophilia, Nazism, drug abuse, and sadism, and the fact that he is an executioner.[30] The American Library Association reported that The Kite Runner was one of its most-challenged books of 2008, with multiple attempts to remove it from libraries due to its 'offensive language, sexually explicit [content], and unsuit[ability for] age group.'[31] Afghan American readers were particularly hostile towards the depiction of Pashtuns as oppressors and Hazaras as the oppressed.[11] Hosseini responded in an interview, 'They never say I am speaking about things that are untrue. Their beef is, 'Why do you have to talk about these things and embarrass us? Don't you love your country?'[11]
The film generated more controversy through the 30-second rape scene, with threats made against the child actors, who originated from Afghanistan.[28]Zekeria Ebrahimi, the 12-year-old actor who portrayed Amir, had to be removed from school after his Hazara classmates threatened to kill him,[32] and Paramount Pictures was eventually forced to relocate three of the children to the United Arab Emirates.[28] Afghanistan's Ministry of Culture banned the film from distribution in cinemas or DVD stores, citing the possibility that the movie's ethnically charged rape scene could incite racial violence within Afghanistan.[33]
Adaptations[edit]
Film[edit]
Khaled Hosseini with actors of The Kite Runner, Bahram and Elham Ehsas
Four years after its publication, The Kite Runner was adapted as a motion picture starring Khalid Abdalla as Amir, Homayoun Ershadi as Baba, and Ahmad Khan Mahmoodzada as Hassan. It was initially scheduled to premiere in November 2007, but the release date was pushed back six weeks to evacuate the Afghan child stars from the country after they received death threats.[34] Directed by Marc Forster and with a screenplay by David Benioff, the movie won numerous awards and was nominated for an Academy Award, the BAFTA Film Award, and the Critics Choice Award in 2008.[35] While reviews were generally positive, with Entertainment Weekly deeming the final product 'pretty good',[36] the depiction of ethnic tensions and the controversial rape scene drew outrage in Afghanistan.[34] Hangama Anwari, the child rights commissioner for the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, commented, 'They should not play around with the lives and security of people. The Hazara people will take it as an insult.'[34]
Hosseini was surprised by the extent of the controversy caused by the rape scene and vocalized that Afghan actors would not have been cast had studios known that their lives would be threatened.[28] He believed that the scene was necessary to 'maintain the integrity' of the story, as a physical assault by itself would not have affected the audience as much.[28]
Other[edit]
The novel was first adapted to the stage in March 2007 by Bay Area playwright Matthew Spangler where it was performed at San Jose State University.[37] Two years later, David Ira Goldstein, artistic director of Arizona Theater Company, organized for it to be performed at San Jose Repertory Theatre. The play was produced at Arizona Theatre Company in 2009, Actor's Theatre of Louisville and Cleveland Play House in 2010, and The New Repertory Theatre of Watertown, Massachusetts in 2012. The theatre adaption premiered in Canada as a co-production between Theatre Calgary and the Citadel Theatre in January 2013. In April 2013, the play premiered in Europe at the Nottingham Playhouse, with Ben Turner acting in the lead role.[38]
Hosseini was approached by Piemme, his Italian publisher, about converting The Kite Runner to a graphic novel in 2011. Having been 'a fan of comic books since childhood', he was open to the idea, believing that The Kite Runner was a good candidate to be presented in a visual format.[29] Fabio Celoni provided the illustrations for the project and regularly updated Hosseini on his progress before its release in September of that year.[29] The latter was pleased with the final product and said, 'I believe Fabio Celoni's work vividly brings to life not only the mountains, the bazaars, the city of Kabul and its kite-dotted skies, but also the many struggles, conflicts, and emotional highs and lows of Amir's journey.'[29]
See also[edit]
- A Thousand Splendid Suns (Hosseini's second novel)
References[edit]
- ^Noor, R.; Hosseini, Khaled (September–December 2004). 'The Kite Runner'. World Literature Today. 78 (3/4): 148. doi:10.2307/40158636.
- ^ abcde'An interview with Khaled Hosseini'. Book Browse. 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^ abcdefGuthmann, Edward (March 14, 2005). 'Before 'The Kite Runner,' Khaled Hosseini had never written a novel. But with word of mouth, book sales have taken off'. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
- ^ abItalie, Hillel (October 29, 2012). ''Kite Runner' author to debut new novel next year'. NBC News. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^ ab'Siblings' Separation Haunts In 'Kite Runner' Author's Latest'. NPR. May 19, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
- ^Jain, Saudamini (May 24, 2013). 'COVER STORY: the Afghan story teller Khaled Hosseini'. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^ abcMiller, David (June 7, 2013). 'Khaled Hosseni author of Kite Runner talks about his mistress: Writing'. Loveland Magazine. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^ abcde''Kite Runner' Author On His Childhood, His Writing, And The Plight Of Afghan Refugees'. Radio Free Europe. June 21, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
- ^ abcdefghijklmnWilson, Craig (April 18, 2005). ''Kite Runner' catches the wind'. USA Today. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
- ^Grossman, Lev (May 17, 2007). 'The Kite Runner Author Returns Home'. Time Magazine. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
- ^ abcdYoung, Lucie (May 19, 2007). 'Despair in Kabul'. Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^Mehta, Monica (June 6, 2003). 'The Kite Runner'. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^ ab'The Kite Runner'. Publishers Weekly. May 12, 2003. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^Tonkin, Boyd (February 28, 2008). 'Is the Arab world ready for a literary revolution?'. The Independent. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^Deutsch, Lindsay (February 28, 2013). 'Book Buzz: 'Kite Runner' celebrates 10th anniversary'. USA Today. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^Kakutani, Michiko (May 29, 2007). 'A Woman's Lot in Kabul, Lower Than a House Cat's'. The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
- ^Hoby, Hermione (May 31, 2013). 'Khaled Hosseini: 'If I could go back now, I'd take The Kite Runner apart''. The Guardian. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^ abWyatt, Edward (December 15, 2004). 'Wrenching Tale by an Afghan Immigrant Strikes a Chord'. The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
- ^ abRankin-Brown, Maria (January 7, 2008). 'The Kite Runner: Is Redemption Truly Free?'. Spectrum Magazine. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^ abcdSmith, Sarah (October 3, 2003). 'From harelip to split lip'. The Guardian. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^Thompson, Harvey (March 25, 2008). 'The Kite Runner: the Afghan tragedy goes unexplained'. WSWS. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^ abcHill, Amelia (September 6, 2003). 'An Afghan hounded by his past'. The Guardian. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^Roe, John (February 4, 2013). 'The Kite Runner'. Calgary Herald. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^ abHower, Edward (August 3, 2003). 'The Servant'. The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^ abcO'Rourke, Meghan (July 25, 2005). 'Do I really have to read 'The Kite Runner'?'. Slate Magazine. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
- ^Lea, Richard (7 August 2006). 'Word-of-mouth success gets reading group vote'. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
- ^Pauli, Michelle (August 15, 2007). 'Kite Runner is reading group favourite for second year running'. guardian.co.uk. London. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
- ^ abcdeMilvy, Erika (December 9, 2007). 'The 'Kite Runner' controversy'. Salon. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^ abcdSims, Tony (September 30, 2011). 'GeekDad Interview: Khaled Hosseini, Author of The Kite Runner'. Wired. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^Sengupta, Kim (October 24, 2008). 'Butcher and Bolt, By David Loyn'. The Independent Books. London. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
- ^'Top ten most frequently challenged books of 2008, by ALA Office of Intellectual Freedom'. ALA Issues and Advocacy. Archived from the original on 19 October 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson (July 2, 2008). ''Kite Runner' Star's Family Feels Exploited By Studio'. All Things Considered. National Public Radio.
- ^''The Kite Runner' Film Outlawed in Afghanistan'. The New York Times. January 16, 2008. Retrieved March 10, 2010.
- ^ abcHalbfinger, David (October 4, 2007). ''The Kite Runner' Is Delayed to Protect Child Stars'. The New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^'Hollywood Foreign Press Association 2008 Golden Globe Awards'. goldenglobes.org. December 13, 2007. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
- ^Schwarzbaum, Lisa (January 9, 2008). 'The Kite Runner'. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^''Kite Runner' floats across SJSU stage on Friday night'. Spartan Daily. February 22, 2007. Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
- ^'Review: The Kite Runner/Liverpool Playhouse'. Liverpool Confidential. June 25, 2013. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Kite Runner |
- Khaled Hosseini discusses The Kite Runner on the BBC World Book Club
- Excerpts: Excerpt at ereader.comExcerpt at litstudies.orgExcerpt at today.com
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